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Sport of athletics - Wikipedia

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1History

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1.1Ancient

1.2Modern era

2Events

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2.1Track and field

2.2Road running

2.3Cross country running

2.4Racewalking

3Categories

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3.1Men's and women's divisions

3.2Age

3.3Athletes with disabilities

4Venues

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4.1Track and field stadium

4.2Cross country courses

4.3Road courses

5Organizations

6Competitions

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6.1International competitions

6.1.1Multi-sport events

6.1.2World championships

6.1.3Area/Continental championships

7Culture and media

8See also

9References

10External links

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Sport of athletics

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Group of sporting events

For the group of competitive sports and games requiring physical skill, see Athletics (physical culture). For other uses, see Athletics.

AthleticsHighest governing bodyWorld AthleticsCharacteristicsMixed-sexYesTypeOutdoor or indoorPresenceOlympicPresent since inaugural 1896 OlympicsParalympicPresent since inaugural 1960 Paralympics

Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking.[1] The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross-country running, and racewalking.

The results of racing events are decided by finishing position (or time, where measured), while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts. The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world. Athletics is mostly an individual sport, with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes' performances for a team score, such as cross country.

Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC. The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century, and were then spread to other parts of the world. Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics, the global governing body for the sport of athletics, or its member continental and national federations.

The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics. The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships, which incorporates track and field, marathon running and race walking. Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Athletics Road Running Championships. Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships.

The word athletics is derived from the Ancient Greek ἀθλητής (athlētēs, "combatant in public games") from ἆθλον (athlon, "prize") or ἆθλος (athlos, "competition").[2] Initially, the term described athletic contests in general – i.e. sporting competition based primarily on human physical feats. In the 19th century, the term athletics acquired a more narrow definition in Europe and came to describe sports involving competitive running, walking, jumping and throwing. This definition continues to be prominent in the United Kingdom and the former British Empire. Related words in Germanic and Romance languages also have a similar meaning.

In much of North America, athletics is synonymous with sports in general, maintaining the historical usage of the term. The word "athletics" is rarely used to refer to the sport of athletics in this region. Track and field is preferred, and is used in the United States and Canada to refer to athletics events, including race-walking and marathon running (although cross country running is typically considered a separate sport).

History[edit]

See also: History of physical training and fitness

See also: Timeline of changes in the sport of athletics

Ancient[edit]

A copy of the Ancient Greek statue Discobolus, portraying a discus thrower

Athletic contests in running, walking, jumping and throwing are among the oldest of all sports and their roots are prehistoric.[3] Athletics events were depicted in the Ancient Egyptian tombs in Saqqara, with illustrations of running at the Heb Sed festival and high jumping appearing in tombs from as early as of 2250 BC.[4] The Tailteann Games were an ancient Celtic festival in Ireland, founded c. 1800 BC, and the thirty-day meeting included running and stone-throwing among its sporting events.[5] The original and only event at the first Olympics in 776 BC was a stadium-length running event known as the stadion. This later expanded to include throwing and jumping events within the ancient pentathlon. Athletics competitions also took place at other Panhellenic Games, which were founded later around 500 BC.[6]

Modern era[edit]

The Cotswold Olympic Games, a sports festival which emerged in 17th century England, featured athletics in the form of sledgehammer throwing contests.[7] Annually, from 1796 to 1798, L'Olympiade de la République was held in revolutionary France, and is an early forerunner to the modern Olympic Games. The premier event of this competition was a running event, but various ancient Greek disciplines were also on display. The 1796 Olympiade marked the introduction of the metric system into the sport.[8]

Athletics competitions were held about 1812 at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,[9] and in 1840 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire at the Royal Shrewsbury School Hunt. The Royal Military Academy at Woolwich held an organised competition in 1849, and a regular series of closed meetings open only to undergraduates, was held by Exeter College, Oxford, from 1850.[10] The annual Wenlock Olympian Games, first held in 1850 in Wenlock, England, incorporated athletics events into its sports programme.[11]

The first modern-style indoor athletics meetings were recorded shortly after in the 1860s, including a meet at Ashburnham Hall in London which featured four running events and a triple jump competition.[12][13]

The Amateur Athletic Association (AAA) was established in England in 1880 as the first national body for the sport of athletics and began holding its own annual athletics competition – the AAA Championships. The United States also began holding an annual national competition – the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships – first held in 1876 by the New York Athletic Club.[14] Athletics became codified and standardized via the English AAA and other general sports organisations in the late 19th century, such as the Amateur Athletic Union (founded in the US in 1888) and the Union des sociétés françaises de sports athlétiques (founded in France in 1889).

An athletics competition was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and it has been as one of the foremost competitions at the quadrennial multi-sport event ever since. Originally for men only, the 1928 Olympics saw the introduction of women's events in the athletics programme. Athletics is part of the Paralympic Games since the inaugural Games in 1960. Athletics has a very high-profile during major championships, especially the Olympics, but otherwise is less popular.

An international governing body, the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF), was founded in 1912. It enforced amateur sport status on competitions during much of the 20th century. Professional competition continued at a low level, becoming increasingly more common as the century progressed. The International Track Association briefly formed a professional track and field circuit in the United States in the 1970s. Athletes used their increasing status to push for remuneration and the IAAF responded with the IAAF Golden Events series and the establishment an outdoor World Championships in 1983, including track and field, racewalking and a marathon event. In modern times, athletes can receive money for racing, putting an end to the so-called "amateurism" that existed before. The global body updated the name to the International Association of Athletics Federations in 2001, moving away from its amateur origins,[15] before taking on its current name World Athletics in 2019.[16]

The Comité International Sports des Sourds had been formed by 1922, to govern international deaf sports, including athletics.[17]

The first organized international competitions for athletes with a physical disability (not deaf) began in 1952, when the first international Stoke Mandeville Games were organized for World War II veterans.[17][18] This only included athletes in a wheelchair. This inspired the first Paralympic Games, held in 1960. Competitions would over time be expanded to include mainly athletes with amputation, cerebral palsy and visual impairment, in addition to wheelchair events.

Events[edit]

See also: List of athletics events

World Athletics, the sport's governing body, defines athletics in six disciplines: track and field, road running, race walking, cross country running, mountain running, and trail running.[19] Mountain running was added in 2003 and trail running was added in 2015.[20][21][22][23]

All forms of athletics are individual sports with the exception of relay races. However, athletes' performances are often tallied together by country at international championships, and, in the case of cross country and road races, finishing positions or times of the top athletes from a team may be combined to declare a team victor.

Several further forms of competitive running exist outside of the governance of World Athletics. The International Skyrunning Federation (ISF) governs high-altitude mountain running, defined as skyrunning, and is affiliated with the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation rather than World Athletics.[24] Competitive stair climbing events, usually hosted in skyscrapers, has two common names: vertical running (as described by the ISF) and tower running (as described by the Towerrunning World Association).[25][26] Snowshoe running is a winter sport governed by the World Snowshoe Federation, which is similarly to cross country running but has athletes wearing snowshoes to race over deep snow on an obstacle-free course.[27] The International Association of Ultrarunners organises ultra running as an affiliate of World Athletics, but these long-distance forms of competition fit within World Athletics disciplines, albeit with additional distance.[28]

Track and field[edit]

Main article: Track and field

A typical track and field stadium with an oval running track and a grassy inner field

International level women athletes at ISTAF Berlin, 2006

Track and field competitions emerged in the late 19th century and were typically contested between athletes who were representing rival educational institutions, military organisations and sports clubs.[29] Participating athletes may compete in one or more events, according to their specialities. Men and women compete separately. Track and field comes in both indoor and outdoor formats, with most indoor competitions occurring in winter, while outdoor events are mostly held in summer. The sport is defined by the venue in which the competitions are held – the track and field stadium.

A variety of running events are held on the track which fall into three broad distance categories: sprints, middle-distance, and long-distance track events. Relay races feature teams comprising four runners each, who must pass a baton to their teammate after a specified distance with the aim of being the first team to finish. Hurdling events and the steeplechase are a variation upon the flat running theme in that athletes must clear obstacles on the track during the race. The field events come in two types – jumping and throwing competitions. In throwing events, athletes are measured by how far they hurl an implement, with the common events being the shot put, discus, javelin, and hammer throw. There are four common jumping events: the long jump and triple jump are contests measuring the horizontal distance an athlete can jump, while the high jump and pole vault are decided on the height achieved. Combined events, which include the decathlon (typically competed by men) and heptathlon (typically competed by women), are competitions where athletes compete in a number of different track and field events, with each performance going toward a final points tally.

The most prestigious track and field contests occur within athletics championships and athletics programmes at multi-sport events. The Olympic athletics competition and World Championships in Athletics, and the Paralympic athletics competition and World Para Athletics Championships, are the highest and most prestigious levels of competition in track and field. Track and field events have become the most prominent part of major athletics championships and many famous athletes within the sport of athletics come from this discipline. Discrete track and field competitions are found at national championships-level and also at annual, invitational track and field meets. Meetings range from elite competitions – such as those in the IAAF Diamond League series – to basic all comers track meets, inter-sports club meetings and schools events, which form the grassroots of track and field.

Official world championship track and field events

Track

Field

Combined events

Sprints

Middle-distance

Long-distance

Hurdles

Relays

Jumps

Throws

60 m100 m200 m400 m

800 m1500 m3000 m

5000 m10,000 m

60 m hurdles100 m hurdles110 m hurdles400 m hurdles3000 m steeplechase

4 × 100 m relay4 × 400 m relay

Long jumpTriple jumpHigh jumpPole vault

Shot putDiscus throwHammer throwJavelin throw

PentathlonHeptathlonDecathlon

Note: Events in italics are competed at indoor world championships only

Note: Heptathlon can refer to two different events, each consisting of different disciplines and both recognised by IAAF: the indoor heptathlon for men, and the outdoor heptathlon for women.

Road running[edit]

Main article: Road running

Road running competitions are running events (predominantly long distance) which are mainly conducted on courses of paved or tarmac roads, although major events often finish on the track of a main stadium. In addition to being a common recreational sport, the elite level of the sport – particularly marathon races – are one of the most popular aspects of athletics. Road racing events can be of virtually any distance, but the most common and well known are the marathon, half marathon, 10 km and 5 km. The marathon is the only road running event featured at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics and the Summer Olympics, although there is also an annual IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. The marathon is also the only road running event featured at the World Para Athletics Championships and the Summer Paralympics. The World Marathon Majors series includes the six most prestigious marathon competitions at the elite level – the Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, New York City and Tokyo Marathons.

Runners in the popular National Marathon race in Washington, D.C.

The sport of road running finds its roots in the activities of footmen: male servants who ran alongside the carriages of aristocrats around the 18th century, and who also ran errands over distances for their masters. Foot racing competitions evolved from wagers between aristocrats, who pitted their footman against that of another aristocrat in order to determine a winner. The sport became professionalised as footmen were hired specifically on their athletic ability and began to devote their lives to training for the gambling events. The amateur sports movement in the late 19th century marginalised competitions based on the professional, gambling model. The 1896 Summer Olympics saw the birth of the modern marathon and the event led to the growth of road running competitions through annual events such as the Boston Marathon (first held in 1897) and the Lake Biwa Marathon and Fukuoka Marathons, which were established in the 1940s. The 1970s running boom in the United States made road running a common pastime and also increased its popularity at the elite level.[30]

Ekiden contests – which originated in Japan and remain very popular there – are a relay race variation on the marathon, being in contrast to the typically individual sport of road running.

Cross country running[edit]

Main article: Cross country running

Competitors mid-race at a boys high school event in the United States

Cross country running is the most naturalistic of the sports in athletics as competitions take place on open-air courses over surfaces such as grass, woodland trails, and earth. It is both an individual and team sport, as runners are judged on an individual basis and a points scoring method is used for teams. Competitions are typically long distance races of 3 km (1.9 mi) or more which are usually held in autumn and winter. Cross country's most successful athletes often compete in long-distance track and road events as well.

The Crick Run in England in 1838 was the first recorded instance of an organised cross country competition. The sport gained popularity in British, then American schools in the 19th century and culminated in the creation of the first International Cross Country Championships in 1903.[31] The annual IAAF World Cross Country Championships was inaugurated in 1973 and this remains the highest level of competition for the sport. A number of continental cross country competitions are held, with championships taking place in Asia, Europe, North America and South America. The sport has retained its status at the scholastic level, particularly in the United Kingdom and United States. At the professional level, the foremost competitions come under the banner of the IAAF Cross Country Permit Meetings.

While cross country competitions are no longer held at the Olympics, having featured in the athletics programme from 1912 to 1924, it has been present as one of the events within the modern pentathlon competition since the 1912 Summer Olympics. One variation on traditional cross country is mountain running, which incorporates significant uphill and/or downhill sections as an additional challenge to the course. Fell running and Orienteering are other competitive sports similar to cross country, although they feature an element of navigation which is absent from the set courses of cross country.

Racewalking[edit]

Main article: Racewalking

A track-side judge monitoring technique at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden

Racewalking is a form of competitive walking that usually takes place on open-air roads, although running tracks are also occasionally used. Racewalking is the only sport in athletics in which judges monitor athletes on their technique. Racewalkers must always have a foot in contact with the ground and their advancing leg must be straightened, not bent at the knee – failure to follow these rules results in disqualification from the race.[32]

Racewalking finds its roots in the sport of pedestrianism which emerged in the late 18th century in England. Spectators would gamble on the outcome of the walking competitions. The sport took on an endurance aspect and competitions were held over long distances or walkers would have to achieve a certain distance within a specified time frame, such as Centurion contests of walking 100 miles (160 km) within 24 hours.[32] During this period, racewalking was frequently held on athletics tracks for ease of measurement, and the 1908 Summer Olympics in London saw the introduction of the 3500-metre and 10-mile walks. Racewalking was briefly dropped from the Olympic programme in 1928, but the men's 50 kilometres race walk has been held at every Olympic Games but one since 1932. The men's 20 kilometres race walk was added to the Olympic athletics schedule in 1956 and the women's event was first held in 1992. The most common events in modern competition are over 10 km, 20 km and 50 km on roads, although women's 3 km and men's 5 km are held on indoor tracks.

The highest level racewalking competitions occur at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics and at the Summer Olympics, although the sport also has its own separate major competition – the IAAF World Race Walking Cup – which has been held since 1961. The IAAF World Race Walking Challenge forms the primary seasonal competition – athletes earn points for their performances at ten selected racewalking competitions and the highest scoring walkers are entered into that year's IAAF Race Walking Challenge Final.

Categories[edit]

Foekje Dillema was banned from the women's division in 1950.

The significant variation in people's abilities in the sport of athletics has led to the creation of numerous competitive categories, in order that athletes are pitted against rivals of a similar kind or ability, and to include groups of people who would otherwise not be competitive in open-to-all events. The eligibility of athletes for a given category is occasionally a source of controversy among the sport's participants, officials and spectators, with disputes typically being rooted in deliberate cheating in order to gain a competitive advantage or differing cultural perspectives over the eligibility of a category.

Beyond the primary categories based on physical attributes, some competitions have further eligibility criteria based on nationality, community membership or occupation.

Men's and women's divisions[edit]

The foremost division of this kind is by sex[ling]: in athletics, men and women almost exclusively compete against people of the same sex. In contrast to the men's division, the development of the women's division has caused regular dispute in terms of eligibility. Several intersex athletes had success in the women's division in the early 20th century, such as Stanisława Walasiewicz and Mary Weston (later Mark), and the IAAF responded by introducing sex verification for all athletes in the women's category, beginning with the disqualification of sprinter Foekje Dillema in 1950 after she refused to be tested.[33] Olympic champion Ewa Kłobukowska became the first athlete to publicly fail the test in 1967 and the humiliation she suffered as a result of the announcement led to sex tests becoming a confidential process.[34] Hurdler Maria José Martínez-Patiño failed a test and was disqualified in 1985, but publicly fought the ban in court and was reinstated in 1988. In 1991, the IAAF replaced the sex chromatin test with general medical tests for athletes of all divisions, due to changes in ethical and scientific viewpoints.[35]

The question of eligibility for the women's division continued to be a contentious and public issue into the 21st century, with Caster Semenya and Dutee Chand bearing periods of ineligibility and taking the IAAF to the Court of Arbitration for Sport over their bans under the hyperandrogenism rules.[36] An increasing number of trans men and trans women began to compete in the women's division in the 2010s, which caused other athletes in the division to raise questions of fairness in competition.[37][38]

The dispute reached new heights in 2019 with the United Nations Human Rights Council issuing a statement that the IAAF was breaching "international human rights norms and standards" through its practice of allowing some athletes to compete in the women's division only once they had lowered their testosterone levels through medical intervention.[39] The IAAF and several prominent women athletes, such as Paula Radcliffe, said this was required in order to prevent a situation where countries deliberately sought out athletes who were intersex, transgender or had a difference in sex development in order to succeed in women's sport.[40] Others have argued for the abolition of gender verification testing, with academic Maren Behrensen citing the harm to tested athletes' social and emotional well-being, the inaccuracy of the medical tests, the difficulty of determining the exact performance advantage provided by a given condition, and the moral risk of "gender-engineering" by setting a biological definition for a female athlete.[41]

Age[edit]

Main article: Masters athletics

Masters marathon runner Fauja Singh

Age is a significant determiner of ability to compete in athletics, with athletic ability generally increasing through childhood and adolescence, peaking in early adulthood, then gradually declining from around the age of 30 onwards.[42][43] As a result, numerous age categories have been created to encourage younger and older athletes to engage in competition. At international level, there are three major categories for young athletes: under-23, under-20 (formerly junior), and under-18 (formerly youth). Beyond international rules, different youth categories are in use in the sport, often in the form of two-year or single age groupings.[44] Age categories are more extensive for older athletes and these are commonly organised under the umbrella of masters athletics, which has age groups spanning five years for all athletes aged 35 and above. There is no limit to the number of age groupings, hence Stanisław Kowalski holds a world record for men aged 105 years and over.[45] For competitions where age is not taken into account, this is known as senior or open class athletics; in international rules there remain some restrictions on younger people competing in endurance events for health reasons .[44]

Athletes' eligibility for a competitive age grouping is typically assessed through official documentation, such as birth records or passports. Instances of age cheating have occurred at all of the IAAF's global age category championships. One prominent incident was Olympic medalist Thomas Longosiwa, who provided a falsified passport to compete at the 2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics at age 24.[46] Age falsification for youth categories is mostly limited to less developed parts of the world, such as Africa and South Asia, which have less stringent controls on official documentation and many mature athletes engaging in high school competition due to disruptions to education.[47][48][49][50] The same regions of the world also present issues with age verification in masters age categories, with examples such as Indian distance runners Dharampal Singh Gudha and Fauja Singh (both claiming to be over 100 years old) reaching mainstream attention.[51]

Athletes with disabilities[edit]

Main article: Para-athletics

Competitor in a wheelchair race at the 2008 Summer Paralympics

Athletes with physical disabilities have competed at separate international events since 1952. The International Paralympic Committee governs the competitions in athletics, and hosts the Paralympic Games, which have continued since 1960.[17][18]

Competitors at elite level competitions, are classified by disability, to arrange athletes with a similar disability in the same event. A classified T12 athlete for example, is a track athlete with a visual impairment.[52]

F = Field athletes

T = Track athletes

11–13 – visual impairment. Compete with a sighted guide.

20 – Intellectual disability

31–38 – cerebral palsy

40–46 – amputation, and others (including athletes with dwarfism)

51–58 – Wheelchair

Operating independently of the Paralympic movement, deaf athletes have a long-established tradition of organised athletics, with the first major world competition being included at the 1924 Deaflympics.[53] The primary impediments to the inclusion of deaf athletes in mainstream athletics are sound based elements of the sport, such as the starter's pistol. This can be a disadvantage even in Paralympic sport, as shown in by the example of Olivia Breen who failed to hear a false start in a cerebral palsy class race at the 2012 Paralympics.[54]

In wheelchair racing athletes compete in lightweight racing chairs. Most major marathons have wheelchair divisions and the elite racers consistently beat the runners on foot. The speed of wheel chair racers has caused difficulties for race organisers in properly staggering their start times compared to runners. A collision between Josh Cassidy (a wheelchair racer) and Tiki Gelana (a leading female marathoner) at the 2013 London Marathon brought the issue into the spotlight again.[55]

Occasionally, athletes with a disability reach a level at which they can compete against able-bodied athletes. Legally blind Marla Runyan ran in the 2000 and 2004 Olympics and won a gold medal in the 1500 metres at the 1999 Pan American Games. Oscar Pistorius, a double amputee, was a semi-finalist at the 2011 World Championships and won a silver medal as part of South Africa's 4 × 400 metres relay team.[56] In masters athletics it is far more common to make an accommodation for athletes with a disability. Blind Ivy Granstrom set numerous Masters world records while being guided around the track.[57]

The disability categories have caused dispute among athletes, with some athletes being accused of exaggerating their level of disability in order to compete in less challenging categories.[58] Athletes with intellectual disabilities were banned from competition in all Paralymic sports in response to verification issues and cheating at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and the intellectual disability athletics programme was only restored twelve years later at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.[59]

Venues[edit]

Professional athletics almost exclusively takes place in one of three types of venue: stadiums, set courses on grass or woodland, and road-based courses. Such venues ensure that events take place in a relatively standardised manner, as well as improving the safety of athletes and enjoyment for spectators. At a more basic level, many forms of athletics demand very little in terms of venue requirements; almost any open space or area of field can provide a suitable venue for basic running, jumping and throwing competitions.

Track and field stadium[edit]

A typical layout of an outdoor track and field stadium

A standard outdoor track is in the shape of a stadium,[60] 400 metres in length, and has at least eight lanes 1.22 m in width (small arenas might have six lanes). Older track facilities may have nonstandard track lengths, such as 440 yards (402.3 m; 1/4 mile) (common in the United States). Historically, tracks were covered by a dirt running surface. Modern All-weather running tracks are covered by a synthetic weather-resistant running surface, which typically consists of rubber (either black SBR or colored EPDM granules), bound by polyurethane or latex resins. Older tracks may be cinder-covered.

A standard indoor track is designed similarly to an outdoor track, but is only 200 metres in length and has between four and eight lanes, each with width between 0.90 m and 1.10 m.[61] Often, the bends of an indoor track will be banked to compensate for the small turning radius. However, because of space limitations, indoor tracks may have other nonstandard lengths, such as 160-yard (146.3 m) indoor track at Madison Square Garden used for the Millrose Games. Because of space limitations, meetings held at indoor facilities do not hold many of athletics events typically contested outdoors.

Cross country courses[edit]

A cross country race taking place at a snowy park in the United States

There is no standardised form of cross country course and each venue is significantly defined by the environment it contains – some may be relatively flat and featureless, while others may be more challenging with natural obstacles, tight turns, and undulating ground. While a small number of purpose-built courses exist, the vast majority of cross country running courses are created by cordoning a specific area within any open natural land, typically a park, woodland or greenspace near a settlement.[62]

At the elite and professional level, courses must be looped and each lap must be between 1750 m and 2000 m in length. Severe obstacles such as deep ditches, high barriers and thick undergrowth not normally present; the course should be able to be completed whilst remaining on foot throughout. In order to maintain the sport's distinction from road running, the usage of unnatural or macadamised surfaces is generally kept to a minimum or avoided entirely.[62]

Because the majority of races take place on areas of grass, soil, mud or earth, weather conditions can significantly affect the difficulty of cross country courses, as snow and rain reduces traction and can create areas of standing water.

Road courses[edit]

A typical road running course on the inner-city roads of Toronto

The surface of road races is highly important and the IAAF dictate that the courses must be along man-made roads, bicycle paths or footpaths. Courses set along major roads of cities are typical of road running events, and traffic is usually cordoned off from the area during the competition. While soft ground, such as grass, is generally avoided, races may start and finish on soft ground or within a track and field stadium. Road racing courses come in two primary types: looped and point-to-point. Courses may be measured and designed to cover a standardised distance, such as 10 km (6.2 mi), or they may simply follow a set route between two landmarks.[63]

Road running courses over 5 km usually offer drinks or refreshment stations for runners at designated points alongside the course and medical professionals are present at the courses of major races due to the health risks involved with long-distance running.[63]

Elite road walks are conducted on closed loop courses (usually loops of 2,000 or 2,500 meters). Refreshment stations are also present over long distance walking competitions, with drinks being available on every lap for races longer than 10 km.[64]

Organizations[edit]

In 1912, the formation of the international governing body for athletics, the International Amateur Athletics Federation, began. In recognition of the movement of the sport from amateurism towards professionalism that began in the late 1970s, the word amateur was dropped from the name, and the organization was rebranded as the International Association of Athletics Federations in 2001. In late 2019, another rebranding began, with World Athletics as the new title of the governing body.

World Athletics has 215 member nations and territories, which are divided into six continental areas (or area associations).[65] The six association areas are for Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania, North and Central America and Caribbean and South America. The sports within athletics do not have their own independent governing bodies at either international or continental level; instead, all fall under the athletics authorities.[66][67]

Map of the six continental federations of World Athletics

AAA – Asian Athletics Association

CAA – Confederation of African Athletics

CONSUDATLE – South American Athletics Confederation

NACACAA – North America, Central America and Caribbean Athletic Association

EAA – European Athletics Association

OAA – Oceania Athletics Association

National level athletics organisations are responsible for the regulation of the sport within their respective countries and most major competitions have some form of permit or approval from their national body.

Competitions[edit]

Men's 1,500-metre Running during the 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships at the Ratina Stadium in Tampere, Finland

Athletics competitions can be broadly divided into three types: international championships, national championships, and annual meetings and races. Athletics at international championships, or Games, represent the pinnacle of competition within the sport, and they are contested between athletes representing their country or region. The organisation of these competitions is usually overseen by either a world, continental, or regional athletics governing body. Athletes gain entry into these competitions by earning selection from their national athletics governing body, which is generally done by assessing athletes via their past achievements or performances at a national selection event. National championships are annual competitions endorsed by a national governing body which serve the purpose of deciding the country's best athlete in each event. Annual one-day meetings and races form the most basic level of competition and are the most common format of athletics contests. These events are often invitational and are organised by sports organisations, sports promoters, or other institutions.

Competitions typically feature only one of the sports within athletics. However, major outdoor international athletics championships and athletics competitions held as part of multi-sport events usually feature a combination of track and field, road running and racewalking events

International competitions[edit]

Multi-sport events[edit]

The athletics competition underway at the main stadium of the 2008 Summer Olympics

The modern Summer Olympics was the first event at which a global athletics competition took place. All the four major sports within athletics have featured in the Olympic athletics programme since its inception in 1896, although cross country has since been dropped. The Olympic competition is the most prestigious athletics contest, and many athletics events are among the most watched events at the Summer Olympics. A total of 47 athletics events are held at the Olympics, 24 for men and 23 for women (as of London 2012). The events within the men's and women's programmes are either identical or have a similar equivalent, with the sole exception being that men contest the 50 km race walk.[68]

Following the model of the Olympics, various other multi-sport events arose during the 20th century, which included athletics as a core sport within the programme from the outset. These included the Commonwealth Games, the Central American and Caribbean Games, Universiade, and many others.

The Summer Paralympics include athletes with a physical disability. Track and field, and road events have featured in the Paralympic athletics programme since its inception in 1960. The Paralympic competition is the most prestigious athletics contest where athletes with a physical disability compete. Athletics at the Paralympic Games also include wheelchair racing where athletes compete in lightweight racing chairs. Athletes with a visual impairment compete with a sighted guide. At the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, for the first time at an international athletics event, the guides received medals,[69] such as the pilots in cycling, and the guides at the Paralympic Winter Games have done for a while.

World championships[edit]

The World Athletics Championships is the primary global athletics championships held by World Athletics. The biennial competition was first held in 1983 and now features an event programme which is identical to the Olympics. Thus, road running, racewalking and track and field are the sports which feature at the competition. Cross country running has its own discrete global championships – the World Athletics Cross Country Championships – which has been held annually since 1973. The World Athletics Indoor Championships is a biennial athletics championships which features solely indoor track and field events. The foremost separate road running event is the annual World Athletics Half Marathon Championships (formerly IAAF World Half Marathon Championships). While not having official world championship status, the biennial World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships fulfils a similar role for the sport of racewalking. Outdoor track and field is the only sport in athletics that does not have a its own distinct global championship which is separate from other types of athletics, although the IAAF Continental Cup (a quadrennial competition between continental teams) is composed entirely of outdoor track and field events.

Other world championships include the World Athletics U20 Championships and the 2017 defunct World Youth Championships in Athletics, which are for athletes under-19 and under-17, respectively. World Masters Athletics conducts the World Masters Athletics Championships for athletes in 5-year age divisions over the age of 35. The now defunct IAAF World Road Relay Championships served as the global event for ekiden marathon relay races.

Elite athletes with a physical disability compete at the World Para Athletics Championships.

Area/Continental championships[edit]

African, Asian, European, North & Central and Caribbean (NACAC), Oceania and South American Athletics Championships are held regularly in a variety of configurations. For example, the Oceania Area Championships in Athletics are combined with the Oceania U20 Athletics Championships. Most of the main regions hold separate cross-country, road-running and marathon championships.

There is the Pan American Combined Events Cup. Central American and Caribbean Championships are organised by the Central American and Caribbean Athletic Confederation (the CACAC)).

Culture and media[edit]

Ancient Greek pottery showing the javelin and the discus throw

Athletics, and its athletes in particular, has been artistically depicted since ancient times – one of the surviving instances include runners and high jumpers in the motifs of Ancient Egyptian tombs dating from 2250 BC. Athletics was much respected in Ancient Greece and the events within the ancient pentathlon provided inspiration for large statues such as the Discobolus and Discophoros, and for motifs on countless vase and pottery works. Aristotle discussed the significance of the pentathlon in his treatise Rhetoric and reflected on the athlete aesthetic of the period: "a body capable of enduring all efforts, either of the racecourse or of bodily strength...This is why the athletes in the pentathlon are most beautiful".[70]

Films about athletics are overwhelmingly focused on running events: the 1962 film The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (based on the book of the same name) explores cross country running as a means of escape. Chariots of Fire, perhaps one of the most well-known athletics films, is a fictionalised account of Eric Liddell and Harold Abrahams's chase for sprint gold medals at the 1924 Olympics. Track and field has been the subject of American films such as Personal Best (1981) and Across the Tracks (1991). Biopics are found within the genre, including Prefontaine (regarding Steve Prefontaine) and Jim Thorpe – All-American (1951) featuring Burt Lancaster as Thorpe. Documentaries are also common with examples such as 2007 film Spirit of the Marathon, which follows runners' preparations for the 2005 Chicago Marathon.

Books on the subject are predominantly non-fiction, and tend towards the forms of training manuals and historical accounts of athletics. The story of the four-minute mile has been a particularly popular subject, spawning books such as The Perfect Mile and 3:59.4: The Quest to Break the Four Minute Mile.

Athletics journalism has spawned a number of dedicated periodicals including Athletics Weekly and Race Walking Record, both of which were first published in England in the early 1940s, and Track & Field News which was first published in the United States in 1948. Runner's World has been in print since 1966 and the Track & Field Magazine of Japan (Rikujyo Kyogi Magazine) is another long-running publication.

Athletics events have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors' coins. One of the recent samples is the €10 Greek Running commemorative coin, minted in 2003 to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics. In the obverse of the coin, a modern athlete figure appears in the foreground, shown in the starting position, while in the background two ancient runners are carved in a manner that gives the appearance of a coin that is "worn" by time. This scene originally appeared on a black-figure vase of the 6th century BC.

What is athletics? Know all the track and field events

is athletics? Know all the track and field events

IOCGangwon 2024Paris 2024Milano Cortina 2026LA 2028Brisbane 2032MuseumShopOlympic Refuge FoundationEnglishOlympic GamesAthletesSportsNewsOlympic ChannelLet's MoveWhat is athletics? Everything you need to know about track and fieldFrom sprints to decathlons and heptathlons, athletics at the Olympics covers a wide range of running, throwing and walking in track and field events.7 minBy Rahul VenkatAthletics (Getty Images)Athletics is one of the most-watched sporting events at every Olympic Games.

Eight-time gold-medallist Usain Bolt almost always lit up the track with his blistering pace, while the slow-burn 5000m and 10000m runs of four-time Olympic champion Mo Farah showcased the endurance of an athlete.

Blanka Vlasic displayed great flexibility at high jumps while Neeraj Chopra is always eager to show his physical prowess while throwing the javelin.

Athletics is a group of track and field events covering a wide variety of sports, with competitions featuring running, walking, jumping and throwing under different disciplines.Let’s have a look at what features at the Olympics.

Sprints (100m, 200m, 400m)

Often the most eye-catching events at the Olympics, the sprints involve a dash to the finish over distances of 100m, 200m and 400m.

Eight runners, all in different lanes, sprint to the finish line once the starting gun is sounded.

Hurdles (110m, 400m)

A format similar to the sprints over similar distances, except the runners have to jump over hurdles before they get to the finish line.

In the 110m, the hurdles are 107cm in height and can be knocked down even with the slightest touch.

The first hurdle is placed 13.72m from the starting line while nine other hurdles are placed at a distance of 9.14m each, with participants having to run 14.02m from the last hurdle to the finish.

In the 400m, the hurdles are 91.4cm high (men) and 76.2cm (women) while the runners have to clear 10 evenly-spaced hurdles before the finish line.Athletes have to clear 10 barriers in the 110m and 400m hurdles. (Getty Images)Relays (4x100m, 4x400m)

Another category in the list of most popular events are the relay races - which consist of four runners from each country running equal distances with a baton in hand.

Each country generally picks runners who also take part in the sprint races but may also go for relay specialists.

Middle and Long distances (800m, 1500m, 5000m, 10000m, 3000m steeplechase)

The middle and long distance runners are athletes who are built similar to sprinters but have reserves of energy to unleash during the home stretch.

In the 800m, runners complete two laps of a 400m track. They have to follow their respective lanes until the first bend after which they can compete for the inside line, which is the shortest route to the finish line.

Runners make a standing start bunched together in the 1500m, and can immediately go for the inside line while completing three and three-quarters of a 400m track.

The 5000m participants start bunched up together and can compete for the inside line immediately as they complete 12-and-a-half laps of the 400m track.

In the 10000m, runners can dive for the inside line from a bunched-up start and have to complete 25 laps of the 400m track.

The 3000m steeplechase is the standout event in this category. The participants start together and can go for the inside line as soon as the starting gun sounds and have to jump over 28 fixed hurdles and seven water hurdles while completing laps around the 400m track.The 3000m steeplechase involves water hurdles in addition to regular hurdles. (Getty Images)Race walks (20km, 50km)

While it sounds simple on paper, athletic race walking is actually a specialised event with walkers having to follow strict rules and techniques.

In the 20km race walk, walkers take part in a road course and have to keep one foot in contact with the ground at all times while walking. The advancing leg must also straighten from the point of contact with the ground and must remain straight until the body passes over it.

Three violations of the above rules during a race walk lead to disqualification.

The 50km race walk has all the same rules, except it is only held for men at the Olympics and world championships.

Marathon

The marathon is the longest running race at the Olympics, with marathoners completing a distance of 26 miles and 385 yards on a road course.

Jumps (High Jump, Long Jump, Triple Jump, Pole Vault)

From the track and road races, we now go to the field events; starting with the four jumps.

The high jump involves participants taking a run-up and jumping as high as they can over a four-metre-long bar. Each competitor has three attempts per height that they choose to set and can also choose to move to a greater height without clearing the current one. Three consecutive failures to clear the bar will result in elimination.

In the pole vault, competitors sprint along a runway with a pole in hand and jam it down to launch themselves with the aim to clear a 4.5m long bar at the height they choose to set.

Each participant has three attempts per height and can move to a greater height without clearing the current one. However, three consecutive failures result in elimination.Isinbayeva breaks pole vault world recordIn the long jump, participants sprint along a runway and launch themselves from a wooden board onto a sandpit, with the distance measured from the edge of the board to the first mark made by the athlete on the pit. If an athlete launches themself from beyond the board, a foul is called and the jump is not counted.

In the qualifying rounds and final, each jumper has three attempts with the best attempt counted. The top eight jumpers in the final are given three further attempts to improve their efforts.

The triple jump involves three steps - the hop, step and jump. Participants sprint on a runway and launch themselves from the edge of a wooden board. They first land on their take-off foot (hop), then land their opposite foot (step) and finally jump into a sandpit, with the distance measured from the edge of the board to the first mark in the pit.

The rest of the rules are similar to long jump.Throws (Javelin, Discus, Hammer, Shot Put)

If the jumps test an athlete’s body flexibility, throws are the measure of their body strength, which is why most throwers have a bulky frame. All throwing events are pretty simple - competitors aim to throw their respective devices as far as possible within a range.

In the javelin throw, participants have to hold a metal-tipped javelin by the corded grip and take a run-up before throwing it from behind the foul line (or scratch line) and must do so over the upper part of their throwing arm, negating an underhand throw.

The javelin must land tip first in a marked 29-degree sector. Men must choose a javelin weighing not less than 800g and measuring 2.6-2.7m in length while it is 600g and 2.2-2.3m respectively for the women. Competitors have six attempts to throw, and the farthest throw counts.

The discus throw is an event where participants take one-and-a-half spins before releasing a metal discus which weighs 2kg and has a diameter of 22cm (men) and 1kg and 18cm (women).

Competitors must throw from within a 2.5m diameter circle and the discus has to land inside a marked sector. They can throw six times during competition, and the farthest throw counts.

The hammer throw involves participants throwing a metal ball that’s attached to a grip through a steel wire. Athletes make three or four spins inside a 2.135m diameter circle before throwing the ball inside a 35-degree marked sector.

Competitors can have six attempts, and the best throw counts. The ball must weigh 7.26kg for men and 4kg for women.

In the shot put, participants have to ‘put’ - not throw - a metal ball (same specifications as hammer throw, including participant circle) as far as possible.

The shot must not drop below the line of the athlete’s shoulders during any of the six attempts and should land inside a marked 35-degree sector.

Combined events (Heptathlon, Decathlon)

Finally, the two combined events - which consist of both track and field - are the heptathlon and decathlon. The heptathlon is contested by only women, while only men contest the decathlon.

The heptathlon is a seven-event contest, which awards points for each event to the participants and the one with the most points wins.

The competitors contest the 100m hurdles, high jump, shot put and 200m on day 1 and compete in the long jump, javelin throw and 800m on day 2.

The decathlon by contrast is a 10-event contest.

On day 1, the men compete in the 100m, long jump, shot put, high jump and 400m while on day 2, the events are 110m hurdles, discus throw, pole vault, javelin throw and 1500m.Add this to your favouritesAthleticsRelated contentAll you need to know about relay races: Rules, history, world recordsLong jump: Know how it works, rules, history and world recordsHigh jump rules and techniques: From competition format to the legendary Fosbury FlopMore fromAthleticsYou may l

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Subscription-based sports website

For similar terms, see Athletics (disambiguation) and Athletic (disambiguation).

The AthleticType of siteSports journalismAvailable inEnglish, French (Montreal only)HeadquartersSan Francisco, California, United StatesOwnerThe New York Times Company[1]Created byAlex MatherAdam HansmannURLwww.theathletic.comCommercialYesRegistrationRequiredLaunchedJanuary 2016; 8 years ago (2016-01)

The Athletic is a subscription-based sports journalism website, and the sports department of The New York Times.

It provides national and local coverage in 47 North American cities as well as the United Kingdom. The Athletic also covers national stories from top professional and college sports.[2] The Athletic's coverage focuses on a mix of long-form journalism, original reporting, and in-depth analysis. Its business model is predicated on dis-aggregating the sports section of local newspapers, and reaching non-local fans not reached by a local newspaper.[3]

The Athletic was acquired by The New York Times Company for $550 million in 2022. In July 2023, The Athletic was integrated into The New York Times and replaced its sports department.

Coverage[edit]

As of 2022, The Athletic provided local coverage in 47 cities and regions of North America as well as coverage in the United Kingdom.[4] It includes the 32 National Football League teams, the 30 Major League Baseball teams, the 30 National Basketball Association teams, and 23 of the 32 National Hockey League teams.

History[edit]

The Athletic app logo

The Athletic was founded by Alex Mather and Adam Hansmann, former coworkers at subscription-based fitness company Strava, with the mission of producing "smarter coverage for die-hard fans."[5] The company was built as an alternative to the struggling ad-supported models.[6] The Athletic relies on subscription revenue, not advertising revenue, to support the business.[7] Mather and Hansmann believed sports fans would be willing to pay for good reporting and writing, a clean app and no ads.[8] At the time, a few newspapers were trying out paywalls, but the common industry view was that information on the internet needed to be free.[9]

As part of Y Combinator's summer 2016 batch,[10] the site originally launched in Chicago in January 2016,[11] with Jon Greenberg serving as the founding editor, along with Sahadev Sharma (Cubs) and Scott Powers (Blackhawks). Greenberg and Powers previously worked at ESPN Chicago, while Sharma left Baseball Prospectus' Cubs vertical to join the website.

Expansion[edit]

In October 2016, The Athletic expanded to a second city, Toronto, to focus on Maple Leafs, Raptors, and Blue Jays coverage. The Athletic hired James Mirtle as editor-in-chief for Toronto.[12] Mirtle had spent over a decade as a sportswriter at The Globe and Mail before joining The Athletic.

A third city, Cleveland, launched in March 2017, with Jason Lloyd as editor-in-chief.[13] The Athletic continued city expansion to Detroit in June 2017 with the hiring of Craig Custance from ESPN as editor-in-chief.[14]

In August 2017, the site launched in the San Francisco-area market with long-time San Jose Mercury News writers Tim Kawakami as editor-in-chief and Marcus Thompson as columnist.[15][16] The Athletic also added national coverage with new writers including baseball veteran Ken Rosenthal, shortly after Fox Sports eliminated its entire writing staff,[17][18] as well as college basketball standout Seth Davis and college football institution Stewart Mandel.[19][20] Mandel led the launch of the national college football section, "The All-American", at the end of August.

The Athletic expanded into Philadelphia, Minnesota, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, and the rest of Canada in September 2017 bringing local coverage to 15 US and Canadian pro sports markets. The vast majority of expansion was aimed at expanding coverage to underserved hockey fans.[21]

In February 2018, The Athletic announced further expansion into three new cities—New York, Dallas, and Cincinnati—and launched baseball-only coverage in Houston, Los Angeles, San Diego, Arizona, and Kansas City.[22][23][24] The site also introduced expanded national MLB coverage with the addition of Jayson Stark, Jim Bowden, Eno Sarris, and editor Emma Span.[25]

The site announced full coverage in Denver and Boston starting in April 2018.[26] In Denver, The Athletic hired several reporters from The Denver Post.[27] In Boston, the initial staff consisted of beat writers previously employed at The Boston Globe, the Boston Herald, and the Springfield Republican's web portal MassLive.[28] Adding to college football coverage, The Athletic added dedicated beat writers for major programs like Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee.[29]

In May 2018, the site announced coverage of both domestic and international soccer.[30] In June 2018, The Athletic increased coverage in Los Angeles[31] and expanded into Buffalo, New York, by hiring several reporters who had been bought out from The Buffalo News the same month.[32]

The Athletic continued market expansion in July 2018 with the addition of Atlanta with former The Atlanta Journal-Constitution writers David O'Brien and Jeff Schultz, Baltimore, and Wisconsin. The site also added 19 college football writers to cover most of the major NCAA football programs.[33]

In August 2018, The Athletic launched Fantasy Sports coverage and continued expansion across US markets including Washington, D.C., Carolina, Nashville, Indiana, Miami, and New Orleans.[34] The site also announced expanded NBA reporting with Shams Charania[35] and NFL coverage with Jay Glazer.[36]

The Athletic completed local coverage expansion to all NHL and NFL teams by September 2018 after adding writers in Jacksonville, Houston, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Las Vegas. Memphis was added as the 47th local market covered by The Athletic in October 2018, expanding coverage to all NBA teams.

The Athletic signed three veteran TV journalists in November 2018, including 60 Minutes correspondent Armen Keteyian, in the publication's efforts to produce more video content as a supplement to written coverage.[37]

In May 2019, The Athletic announced an expansion into motorsports coverage featuring veteran journalist Jeff Gluck. While NASCAR is the dominant focus of coverage, The Athletic aims to be a destination for all motorsports fans by including other major events, such as the Indianapolis 500.[38]

In August 2019, The Athletic expanded to the UK, predominantly covering domestic and international football. The team is led by managing director Ed Malyon and editor-in-chief Alex Kay-Jelski, and includes: Michael Cox, Raphael Honigstein, Daniel Taylor, and many beat reporters.[39][40]

Sale to The New York Times Company[edit]

The company began exploring a sale to a larger media company in 2021, following continued unprofitability, driven by high expenses and reliance on venture capital funding instead of operational revenue. As of that time, the site had 1.2 million subscribers and $80 million in revenue, having raised $55 million in venture capital funding. Axios entered discussions with The Athletic in March of that year but ultimately declined to make an offer. The New York Times was the leading contender for a potential acquisition as of May, with Vox Media also expressing interest.[41][42] Buyout talks between The Athletic and The New York Times ended in June 2021.[43] On November 2, 2021, reports emerged that sports betting companies DraftKings and Flutter Entertainment, among other companies, were among some of the bidders for the company.[44]

Ultimately, in January 2022, The New York Times Company announced that it would acquire The Athletic for $550 million, in a transaction expected to close in the first quarter of 2022. The Times noted that The Athletic would continue to run independently of the Times, and co-founders Alex Mather and Adam Hansmann would continue to lead the operation.[45]

In June 2023, The Athletic underwent a reorganization, cutting 4% of its staff, reassigning 20 journalists, and discontinuing the use of team-specific beat reporters.[46][47] The following month, The New York Times announced that it would shut down its own sports department in favor of distributing content from The Athletic and its reporters via its platforms. Existing New York Times sports reporters will be reassigned to other departments. The decision was criticized by the New York Times Guild, which alleged the paper was engaging in union busting by "outsourc[ing] union jobs on our sports desk to a non-union Times subsidiary under the preposterous argument that The Times can 'subcontract' its sports coverage to itself."[48][49]

Funding[edit]

Investors, media executives, and reporters who don't work for the Athletic all express skepticism about the business. But almost no one will share these sentiments publicly. Who wants to be seen badmouthing one of the only places still hiring journalists? Bringing on writers for top dollar and freeing them from chasing clicks is admirable, the doubters say, but it's no way to make money.

Ira Boudway, Bloomberg BusinessWeek[9]

The Athletic has raised a total of $139.5 million over five rounds.[50]

The first major funding was provided by Courtside Ventures, which provided $2.3 million in seed funding in Jan 2017.[51][52] In July 2017, the company raised another $5.4 million in Series A funding also led by Courtside Ventures.[53] In March 2018, the company announced a $20 million third round of funding led by Evolution Media. Mather reported that this money would be invested into expanding coverage to new cities and increasing the number of writers from the then staff of 120.[54] The Athletic raised another $40 million in a Series C funding round in October 2018, co-led by Founders Fund and Bedrock Capital.[55] The money will be used to invest in expanding teams focused on audience, data and editorial teams, subscriptions, podcasts and video.[56]

As of August 2019, The Athletic had 600,000 paying subscribers with an 80% retention rate year-over-year. Most of its subscribers, 60%, follow sports teams in two or more cities.[9] In September 2020, The Athletic announced one million global subscribers, as well as expansion into additional breaking news content formats.[57]

Investigations[edit]

This section may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (May 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The Athletic has published multiple investigations regarding workplace misconduct, sexual abuse, and other transgressions in the sports community. In 2018, Athletic journalist Tim Cato published an in-depth report on allegations regarding workplace misconduct within the Dallas Mavericks organization.[58] The report detailed how high-ranking members within the Mavericks organization ignored and tacitly approved of financial misconduct and mental abuse.

In March 2021, The Athletic published an investigation regarding sexual misconduct and abuse at Louisiana State University (LSU). In the report, Brody Miller detailed the rampant sexual misconduct that was present at all levels of the LSU organization, and interviews with former players helped support an investigation conducted by law firm Husch Blackwell.[59]

In September 2021, The Athletic released a report detailing the gross sexual misconduct of association football coach Paul Riley in the NWSL. The report detailed Riley's sexual abuse of several players, namely Sinead Farrelly and Meleana Shim, as well as an unnamed additional player, while coaching at Portland Thorns FC. The report also revealed that the allegations, first reported to the club in 2016, were partially responsible for the decision not to renew his contract in Portland. Riley, however, immediately assumed a new coaching position within the NWSL. The NWSL, and Riley's current team, responded with no comment. Paul Riley denied all allegations.[60] Riley was fired shortly afterward, and the relevant soccer bodies (NWSL, FIFA and the United States Soccer Federation) launched investigations.

References[edit]

^ "A note to our subscribers from the founders of The Athletic".

^ "The Athletic". The Athletic. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ Draper, Kevin (23 October 2017). "Why The Athletic Wants to Pillage Newspapers". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

^ "Cities". The Athletic. Retrieved 21 March 2022.

^ Mather, Alex; Hansmann, Adam (January 30, 2018). "Playing the long game". The Athletic. Retrieved August 22, 2019. We founded The Athletic with this simple mission: produce smarter coverage for die-hard fans.

^ Mirtle, James (January 31, 2018). "Why The Athletic has a paywall". The Athletic. Retrieved August 22, 2019.

^ Biasotti, Tony (October 11, 2017). "Fast-growing startup aims to 'replace the sports page'". Columbia Journalism Review.

^ Draper, Kevin (2017-10-23). "Why The Athletic Wants to Pillage Newspapers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ a b c Boudway, Ira (August 20, 2019). "The Sports News Site Haters Love to Dunk on Keeps Signing Up Subscribers". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved August 21, 2019.

^ "The Athletic gives diehard sports fans high-quality content without the ads". Y Combinator. July 11, 2016.

^ "Welcome Chicago, to The Athletic". The Athletic. January 22, 2016. Retrieved 2018-02-08.

^ @mirtle (November 23, 2016). "Excited to announce that I've been hired as editor-in-chief with @TheAthleticTO, a great new startup site in Toronto" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

^ Kleps, Kevin (February 17, 2017). "The Athletic soon will launch a Cleveland site featuring Jason Lloyd". Crain's Cleveland Business.

^ Shea, Bill (September 24, 2017). "The Athletic: Paywall sports journalism plants its flag in Detroit". Crain's Detroit Business.

^ "The Athletic's Expansion Features Some Big Names In Sportswriting". UPROXX. 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ "Interview: Tim Kawakami on leaving The Mercury News and joining The Athletic". Bay Area Sports Guy. Retrieved 2017-08-24.

^ Rosenthal, Ken (August 23, 2017). "Ken Rosenthal: Why I'm joining The Athletic". The Athletic.

^ "Fox Sports eliminates digital writing staff in favor of promoting their debate shows". Awful Announcing. June 26, 2017.

^ "Behind The Athletic's plans to grow local sports news subscriptions". Digiday. 2017-08-29. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ "Big Names in Sportswriting Are Joining The Athletic". The Big Lead. 2017-07-13. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ "Introducing The Athletic Canada, our national expansion..." The Athletic. Retrieved 2018-02-08.

^ "The Athletic is expanding to New York City, Dallas, and Cincinnati". Awful Announcing. 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2018-02-08.

^ Putterman, Alex (2018-02-12). "The Athletic launches even more local sites, seems to be going all-in on baseball". Awful Announcing.

^ Schram, Carol (2018-03-08). "The Athletic Will Keep Growing With The Help Of $20 Million In New Funding". Forbes.com.

^ Rosenthal, Ken. "Rosenthal: Welcome to our expanded coverage of major league..." The Athletic. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ Putterman, Alex (2018-03-28). "The Athletic launches coverage in Denver, Seattle, and Tampa, making clear it wants to be everywhere". Awful Announcing.

^ Roberts, Michael (2018-03-27). "Post Broncos Writer Joins Site She Saw as Trying to Destroy Newspapers". Westword.

^ Finn, Chad. "The Athletic is filling out its Boston roster", Boston.com, 29 March 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.

^ "The All-New All-American". The Athletic. Retrieved 2018-04-24.

^ Quraishi, George (May 17, 2018). "Goooaaaalllll! Announcing The Athletic's soccer coverage". The Athletic.

^ "The Athletic is expanding once again, with increased coverage in Los Angeles, Dallas, Buffalo". Awful Announcing. June 18, 2018.

^ Ploetz, Elmer (June 19, 2018). "News, Etc.: Enter The Athletic Buffalo". The Public. Retrieved June 22, 2018.

^ "The Athletic adds 19 college football writers, expands into Atlanta, Baltimore, and Wisconsin". Awful Announcing. 2018-07-17. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ Cosentino, Dom (20 August 2018). "Holy Shit, The Athletic Just Swiped A Bunch Of NFL Beat Writers". Deadspin. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ "NBA Insider Shams Charania Tells Us Why He's Leaving Yahoo for The Athletic & Stadium". Complex. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ Zucker, Joseph. "Jay Glazer Joins The Athletic; Will 'Call Bulls--t in a Way Others Can't'". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ Ourand, John (November 19, 2018). "The Athletic signs television vets to boost video content". Sports Business Journal. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ Gluck, Jeff. "Jeff Gluck: We're here to give you stories about motorsports that you won't find elsewhere". The Athletic.

^ Malyon, Ed. "Why The Athletic has a paywall and why you should subscribe". The Athletic.

^ Kay-Jelski, Alex. "What to expect from The Athletic UK". The Athletic.

^ Fischer, Sara (May 25, 2021). "Scoop: New York Times in talks to buy The Athletic". Axios. Retrieved June 26, 2021.

^ Mullin, Benjamin (May 6, 2021). "The Athletic Halts Merger Talks With Axios, Eyes New York Times". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 26, 2021.

^ Berr, Jonathan. "'New York Times','The Athletic' End Buyout Talks". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-07-30.

^ Jones, Rory (2 November 2021). "Report: FanDuel and DraftKings make bids for The Athletic". SportsProMedia.

^ Toonkel, Jessica (6 January 2022). "NYT To Buy The Athletic for $550 Million". The Information.

^ "The Athletic, owned by The New York Times, announces layoffs to nearly 4% of newsroom". USA Today. Retrieved 2023-07-12.

^ Robertson, Katie (2023-06-12). "The Athletic Cuts Nearly 4% of Its Newsroom". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-12.

^ Bruell, Alexandra (2023-07-10). "New York Times to Close Sports Desk, Rely on the Athletic for Daily Coverage". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2023-07-12.

^ Reilly, Liam (2023-07-10). "The New York Times will shut down its sports desk and shift coverage to The Athletic". CNN Business. Retrieved 2023-07-12.

^ Fischer, Sara (2020-01-21). "Exclusive: The Athletic raises $50 million". Axios. Retrieved 2023-03-25.

^ "The Athletic Raises $2.3M in Seed Funding". FinSMEs. January 9, 2017. Archived from the original on Dec 1, 2022.

^ Heitner, Darren (Jan 10, 2017). "Why $2.1 Million Was Invested In A Sports News Subscription Site". Forbes. Archived from the original on Apr 12, 2020. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ Schmidt, Christine (July 25, 2017). "The Athletic, that local sports startup with no advertising, raises $5.4 million and scoops up Sports Illustrated's former top editor". Nieman Lab. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ Mullin, Benjamin (2018-03-05). "The Athletic Raises $20 Million to Fund Expansion". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2018-03-20.

^ Fischer, Sara (30 October 2018). "Exclusive: The Athletic raises $40 million in new funding round". Axios. Archived from the original on 2019-01-28. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ Goldsmith, Jill (Oct 30, 2018). "The Athletic Raises $40M In Fresh Cash". Forbes. Archived from the original on Apr 12, 2020. Retrieved 2019-01-27.

^ Sherman, Alex (2020-09-09). "The Athletic say it hits 1 million subscribers after surviving sports shutdown". CNBC. Retrieved 2020-09-21.

^ Cato, Tim. "Everything the Dallas Mavericks investigation revealed about workplace misconduct". The Athletic. Retrieved 2021-09-30.

^ Miller, Brody. "Systemic issues in LSU's reporting of sexual misconduct and abuse: Investigation". The Athletic. Retrieved 2021-09-30.

^ Linehan, Meg. "'This guy has a pattern': Amid institutional failure, former NWSL players accuse prominent coach of sexual coercion". The Athletic. Retrieved 2021-09-30.

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Soccer News - Results, Fixtures, Scores, Stats, and Rumors - The Athletic

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The US will host the tournament for the second time this summer having also held the Copa America Centanario back in 2016.

Traditionally hosted by one of the South American nations, USMNT international Dest believes CONMEBOL’s flagship competition should stay where it began.

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Morgan will be on the game roster for the USWNT’s Gold Cup opener against the Dominican Republic today (Tuesday).

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This included Victoria United player Wilfried Nathan Douala, who was a surprise call-up by Rigobert Song for...Peter RutzlerMichael Edwards - the Liverpool visionary FSG simply cannot live withoutWho is the man that Liverpool owners FSG have turned to for a second time?Daniel Taylor and Adam Crafton73NWSL players to watch: One key performer for every team's 2024 seasonEvery team has star performers, but these are the players who will truly make their teams go as they seek an NWSL ChampionshipJeff Rueter5Barcelona's Champions League turning point: Who will Xavi pick for Napoli tie?Our writers discuss Xavi's selection options for Tuesday's Champions League last-16 second leg against NapoliPol Ballús and Laia Cervelló Herrero2'UEFA Champions League Today' Q&A: On Thierry Henry's future, emulating 'Inside the NBA' and moreKate Abdo, Thierry Henry and Micah Richards discuss the show's chemistry, what's next for Henry as his contract comes due and more.Richard Deitsch28Arsenal, Liverpool and Man City: Every Premier League title-race fixture analysedThree teams, each with 10 games to go – how does the Premier League title race break down?Andy Jones, Art de Roché, and Sam Lee88AdvertisementDiego Maradona at Barcelona: Wild parties, wilder brawls - and a feeling of what might have beenHe arrived in a world-record transfer and showed signs of greatness – but suffered from illness and injury, tooDermot Corrigan22Antony, Manchester United's €95million problemAntony's Manchester United career began brightly but he's now out of favour, under police investigation in two countries and in poor formMark CritchleyUSMNT Player Tracker: Brooks sees red, Pulisic unstoppble and Dest's washing wagerHaji Wright is enjoying an impressive burst of form at Coventry City while there was a first Bundesliga goal for U.S.-qualified Damion DownsGreg O'Keeffe25Former LA Galaxy exec Jovan Kirovski in talks to join AC Milan: SourcesFormer LA Galaxy executive Jovan Kirovski is in advanced talks to join AC Milan’s front office, sources briefed on the talks tell The Athletic.

Kirovski hasn’t signed a deal yet. His role would be overseeing Milan’s second team, sources say.

Kirovski was previously the technical director of the LA Galaxy for over a decade before being dismissed in January. Former Galaxy forward Zlatan Ibrahimovic, a player Kirovski was key in recruiting, was named senior advisor to AC Milan’s ownership after he retired, having played his final games with the Serie A team. Ibrahimovic is pushing for...Tom Bogert and James Horncastle21MLS takeaways: Which teams should panic after bad starts?NYCFC, Orlando and New England have all had rough stars, while Montreal, Minnesota and Toronto FC have surprisedTom Bogert and Jeff Rueter88Rodrygo is in a Real Madrid dry spell - but those close to him aren't worriedOnce more the Brazilian striker went without a goal, as Madrid returned to winning waysGuillermo Rai6AdvertisementThe Briefing: Best Premier League title race ever? Klopp v Guardiola - a remarkable rivalryThis was also the weekend when Havertz dug Ramsdale out of a hole, the bottom three all collected points, and Man United managed a winNick Miller54Liverpool vs Manchester City: This is what a Premier League classic looks likeA game to stir the soul, Liverpool and Manchester City's 1-1 draw lived up the hype and then soared to exhilarating heightsOliver Kay97A forgotten man in England, Jesse Lingard is box office in South KoreaDedicated shop, social media attention surging and shirt sales soaring - Lingard has barely played for a year but is already adored in SeoulStuart James68Arsenal's rest defence: The most underrated weapon in the title raceArsenal's masterful rest defence helps them sustain attacks and prevent opposition counters - and it has made them a fearsome prospectLiam Tharme80USWNT wins first W Gold Cup, defeats Brazil 1-0USWNT overcomes early tournament woes to lift W Gold Cup trophy.The Athletic Staff77Liverpool vs Manchester City - now the biggest Premier League TV game?Sunday's match between Liverpool and Manchester City had it all and experts believe it will break global viewing figures, tooGreg O'Keeffe51AdvertisementLiverpool vs Manchester City: Is this a title decider? Plus predictions and combined XIsWhere will the game be won? Who plays the better football? Which manager has a greater legacy? Our experts debate the big issues…Oliver Kay, Daniel Taylor and more130Barcelona's Camp Nou rebuild is 'on schedule'. It can't come soon enoughThe reconstruction of Barcelona's iconic Camp Nou is — according to the club — still on trackLaia Cervelló Herrero34See MoreSoccer LinksleaguesMLSPremier LeagueBundesligaLa LigaSerie AChampions LeagueInternational FootballNWSLMen’s World CupNationalBoxingBundesligaChampions LeagueChampionshipCollege FootballCopa AmericaCopa del ReyCultureEuropa LeagueEuropean ChampionshipFA CupFantasy BaseballFantasy BasketballFantasy FootballFantasy HockeyFantasy Premier LeagueFormula 1GamingGolfInternational FootballLa LigaLeague CupLeague OneLeague TwoLNHMen's College BasketballMen's World CupMixed Martial ArtsMLBMLSMotorsportsNASCARNBANFLNHLNWSLOlympicsOpinionPremier LeagueScottish PremiershipSerie ASoccerSports BettingSports BusinessTennisUK Women's FootballWNBAWomen's College BasketballWomen's EurosWomen's HockeyWomen's World CupThe Athletic InkPodcastsHeadlinesUSArizonaAtlantaBaltimoreBay AreaBostonBuffaloCarolinaChicagoCincinnatiClevelandColumbusDallasDenverDetroitHoustonIndianaJacksonvilleKansas CityLas VegasLos AngelesMemphisMiamiMinnesotaNashvilleNew OrleansNew YorkOklahomaOregonOrlandoPhiladelphiaPittsburghSacramentoSan AntonioSan DiegoSeattleSt. LouisTampa BayUtahWashington DCWisconsinCanadaCalgaryEdmontonMontrealMontréal (français)OttawaTorontoVancouverWinnipegPartnersTickets by ViagogoSubscribeStart SubscriptionGroup SubscriptionsHQAbout UsCareersCode of ConductEditorial GuidelinesBusiness InquiriesPress InquiriesSupportFAQForgot Password?Redeem GiftContact UsTerms of ServiceNewslettersThe PulseThe BounceThe WindupPrime TireFull TimeUntil SaturdayScoop City©2024 The Athletic Media Company, A New York Times CompanyPrivacy PolicySupportRSSSitem

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t Us - Exclusive sports news and analysis - The AthleticLive NewsPremier LeagueChampions LeagueEuro 2024Copa AmericaLa LigaEuropa LeagueChampionshipInternational FootballBundesligaSerie AWomen's FootballGamingNFLFormula 1GolfTennisLeague OneLeague Two MLSNBAMLBNHLSports BusinessBoxingMMACultureOlympicsMotorsportsNASCARNWSLNCAAFNCAAMMen's World CupWomen's World CupThe Athletic InkArsenal vs Porto updatesEvery PL title-race fixture analysedAntony — Man United’s €95million problemJackson has justified his price tag at ChelseaAbout UsThe Athletic delivers powerful stories and smart analysis that bring sports fans closer to the heart of the game. From breaking news and live commentary, to deeply-reported long reads and exclusive interviews, subscribers rely on The Athletic for every sports story that matters.Local expertise and league-wide perspectiveThe Athletic's newsroom of 400+ full-time staff delivers in-depth coverage of hundreds of professional and college teams across more than 47 North American markets and all 20 football clubs in the English Premier League, as well as many Championship clubs. The Athletic has every major league covered by award-winning talent, spanning the NFL, NBA, WNBA, NHL, MLB, MLS, NWSL, PGA, NCAA Football, NCAA Men's College Basketball, NCAA Women's College Basketball, EPL, Champions League and much more.Get a taste of our game-changing sports news coverage:The fight, the blindside block, the players-only meeting: Six moments that define the essence of Joe Burrow'I just never met anybody as interesting as Pat': Tales from Pat McAfee’s Colts daysChristen Press on Angel City: 'I think playing for this club represents a new future for women's sports'Staveley and Ghodoussi interview: 'We'd love Eddie Howe to be the next Alex Ferguson'Inside the deal that brought Erik ten Hag to Manchester UnitedBucks guard Jrue Holiday on his secrets to being one of the NBA's best defendersTop 100 MLB prospects 2022: Keith Law's rankings, with Orioles' Adley Rutschman at No. 1How Stanley Cup champions are built: Inside the grind of a Tampa Bay Lightning scout's lifeWhat you'll love about The AthleticSelect the teams and leagues you want to follow. Whether you’re crazy about Manchester United or the Minnesota Wild, we'll show you the most relevant sports news possible, including coverage you can't get anywhere else.Rely on The Athletic's highly-rated iOS and Android apps for scores, stats, breaking news, long-form features and audio offerings.Listen to podcasts from The Athletic for in-depth analysis and exclusive storytelling. Our experts dish on everything from women's soccer to fantasy baseball, and motorsports to hockey.Read Newsletters from The Athletic to keep up to date on the most important stories in sports and get personalized content recommendations.Engage with our journalists via Live Rooms and Live Q&A sessions. Ask real-time questions and get real-time answers, and see what your fellow fans have to say.Our rootsThe Athletic is the brainchild of Alex Mather and Adam Hansmann, former colleagues at the fitness tracking app Strava. In 2016, they founded The Athletic with the goal of building the best newsroom in sports, filling a void for fans hungry for deeper sports news and better coverage of their local teams. In 2022, The Athletic was acquired by The New York Times Company. The Athletic is available as a standalone subscription, or with an All Access or Home Delivery subscription from The New York Times.Learn more about career opportunities at The Athletic.Review our Editorial Guidelines.Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and TikTok, and sign up for our free newsletter.NationalBoxingBundesligaChampions LeagueChampionshipCollege FootballCopa AmericaCopa del ReyCultureEuropa LeagueEuropean ChampionshipFA CupFantasy BaseballFantasy BasketballFantasy FootballFantasy HockeyFantasy Premier LeagueFormula 1GamingGolfInternational FootballLa LigaLeague CupLeague OneLeague TwoLNHMen's College BasketballMen's World CupMixed Martial ArtsMLBMLSMotorsportsNASCARNBANFLNHLNWSLOlympicsOpinionPremier LeagueScottish PremiershipSerie ASoccerSports BettingSports BusinessTennisUK Women's FootballWNBAWomen's College BasketballWomen's EurosWomen's HockeyWomen's World CupThe Athletic InkPodcastsHeadlinesUSArizonaAtlantaBaltimoreBay AreaBostonBuffaloCarolinaChicagoCincinnatiClevelandColumbusDallasDenverDetroitHoustonIndianaJacksonvilleKansas CityLas VegasLos AngelesMemphisMiamiMinnesotaNashvilleNew OrleansNew YorkOklahomaOregonOrlandoPhiladelphiaPittsburghSacramentoSan AntonioSan DiegoSeattleSt. LouisTampa BayUtahWashington DCWisconsinCanadaCalgaryEdmontonMontrealMontréal (français)OttawaTorontoVancouverWinnipegPartnersTickets by ViagogoSubscribeStart SubscriptionGroup SubscriptionsHQAbout UsCareersCode of ConductEditorial GuidelinesBusiness InquiriesPress InquiriesSupportFAQForgot Password?Redeem GiftContact UsTerms of ServiceNewslettersThe PulseThe BounceThe WindupPrime TireFull TimeUntil SaturdayScoop City©2024 The Athletic Media Company, A New York Times CompanyPrivacy PolicySupportSitem

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